rose again the third day That Jesus was resurrected on the third day after his death from God out of death into a new life, is one of the fundamental tenets of Christian faith. Also found in the New Testament in various places information and detailed reports about the fact that Jesus of Nazareth was shown after his death some of his followers. The oldest testimony of Corinthians is in the first Epistle of the year 54 AD. Paul has apparently been found as a set still holds
Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and was buried. He was raised on the third day, according to the Scriptures, and appeared to Cephas and the Twelve. (1 Corinthians 15:3 b-5). This formula is the oldest tangible faith of the young Christian in front of us. Paul added to the list of those to whom Jesus appeared, by a group of five hundred brethren, the Lord's brother James and all the apostles (1 Cor 15.6 f) adding:
Last of all he appeared to me, the unexpected, the "monster ". (1 Corinthians 15:8).
two statements here are lined up together on a statement level: Christ is risen
been published and is
. In fact, they belong to two entirely different levels. The first is that, where is
appearances of Jesus to some of his followers of the question. About twenty or more years later appear in the Gospels in the Annex to the Passion story, a whole series of some very colorful stories
, in which appearances of Jesus to the disciples on speech (Mark 16.9-20, 28.9 Mt -10; 16-20, Lk 24, 13-35, 36-53, Jn 20.11-18; 20.19 to 23, from 20.24 to 29, 21.1 to 14, 15-23). Of these, possibly independent of the Gospels also report the discovery of a
empty tomb on Easter morning (Mark 16, 1-8; Mt from 28.1 to 8, Luke 24.1-12, Jn 20.1 to 10) by Mary Magdalene and other women from the followers of Jesus.
that deceased in the time of her death, environment, people who were close to them during their life, will show, to witness in our present day again. This phenomenon, if not simply dismissed as nonsense, usually explained by hallucination or visionary experiences in the process of grieving. On the other hand, has for a long time held the view that the mind or soul or consciousness, in short, what makes a person into what it is, is the death of a man gradually "removed" or "evaporate" or whatever you want to express this. One could say that the "presence" of a deceased is the time of death did not disappear suddenly. It is often an unspecified manner remains to be determined visually or audibly perceptible. This "presence" may well be different very noticeable, depending on how strong the "presence" of the person's lifetime and how strong the relationship of the survivors was to him. That Jesus' presence, "many call it" charisma "during his lifetime was remarkable testimony to various sources.
When the New Testament So reports of apparitions of Jesus before his disciples, I think this is by no means a unique case. Also, I have no doubt that the perception of the disciples certainly a reality on the part of Jesus in line. You certainly can, as is done occasionally speak of "objective" vision. The specific descriptions in the Gospels, but I think fictional embellishments that match the specific theological concerns. The real effects are likely to be much more volatile and have diffuse.
I also think that the circle of those who made this kind of experience with the late Jesus was considerably smaller than believe the New Testament want to do. Of course consisted of the various groups of followers of Jesus and early Christianity with an interest in them, just their respective leaders to the circle of those to be expected, to whom Jesus appeared after his death. Derived from one but from this fact very soon a claim to authority for the nominees. One must not forget that theology is never merely disinterested reflection on the mysteries of the divine. Theology has always pursued quite concrete power interests. Thus it is noteworthy that in the list in Paul no women are mentioned, while in the Easter narratives of the Gospels, the first to get to see Jesus.
came But what now of seeing the dead Jesus to believe that God raised Jesus from death and brought in a new manner of existence had? The symptoms can be accepted as historical fact. The statement, however, that God had raised Jesus, is a theological interpretation of this fact, which certainly does not impose itself. If a husband after a business trip suddenly and unexpectedly comes with a valuable ring home, the woman may interpret this as evidence of his love and appreciation for them. Maybe he wants to but even placate his guilty conscience because he has made some nice days with the secretary. Same way, the phenomena Jesus, because only a certain pre-understanding of the interpretation that they have finally found it.
The symptoms were initially not quite clear. Even among the people Jesus knew that the dead could be seen in our environment, time of her death. "It is his angel" (Acts 12:15), it was customary in such cases say. For example, the reaction of the people, suddenly as the dead after his arrest, believed to Peter in front of the house appears, which had some of his friends gathered. The Easter narratives repeatedly report that Jesus by those who saw him after his death was not initially recognized. This is often explained by the fact that the Risen just not simply the physical life of the people who have returned it. Much more likely is that the person concerned the phenomenon that befell them, not as a "resurrection" or "resurrection" indicated. The experience may be confusing, be comforting perhaps have been given their grief over the death of Jesus, but it was first known simply inserted in the significance of context, that the dead were revealed.
There are also indications that the leadership circle of the Jesus movement, the talk about first appearances quite inopportune (Luke 24:11). Also indicate that not quite Peter and the Twelve their addressees were. Apparently, however, could no longer suppress the rumors at some point. There was also a risk that those who could rely on a vision of Jesus, came to a special standing in the Jesus movement and threatened the authority of the leadership circle. So we came to a language regime which established authoritarian, who was allowed to take a vision of the Lord lay claim. The
were then, according to Paul, Cephas (Peter) and the Twelve, which he further five hundred brothers, James and all the apostles and added at the end for themselves the privilege claim does (1 Corinthians 15: 6-8). Women come from this list no longer. That they are but could not conceal finally prove the Easter narratives of the Gospels, although they are younger, but here certainly pick up traditions that were in circulation from the beginning. That here then there are other persons to be named, shows that there had been competing traditions about who was allowed to rely on a vision of the Lord.
When and how faith and resurrection appearances were combined, can not decide anymore. What is certain is that this happened in a trial that lasted more than three days! Believed the resurrection of Jesus was created by God rather in a gradual process of theological reflection and study of Jewish Holy Scripture, which extended over several years probably. It is not even certain or even likely that the phenomena were the cause of the resurrection faith. Rather, I believe that the phenomena were later interpreted in the light of a so-won knowledge.
How the Passion and the New Testament. Epistolary literature shows, the shock led to the violent death of Jesus into an intense reflection on how life and work of Jesus still a sense could be gained. Jesus' violent death put everything into question what his followers believed and what they had hoped. They not only had to deal with it that you master a shameful death had suffered, the tossing him as an accursed by God (Deut. 21:23; Gal 3.13 b). They had mainly deal with the obvious scandal that God himself was powerless in the face of the arbitrary power of the mighty of this world. How could he allow it because else can see that Jesus was condemned and crucified! But if God was powerless in the face of the rulers of this world, everything was what Jesus had lived and died, was a grand mistake. Then there was his message, God's reign is coming and the Lord will set a new start for Israel and all nations an illusion.
The most remarkable faith of Israel, where he was deduced from his Holy Scriptures can, is that it trusts his God in times of greatest need the most unlikely things to his rescue. Whenever Israel was threatened by external or internal disasters in its existence, were prophets and wise men / women with powerful images of a saving intervention of God in the near or distant future, however. The most powerful vision of divine intervention, the idea of Yahweh, will bring out the dead from the shadows of death.
The belief in life after death was not at the basic elements of ancient Israel. It developed gradually formed after the return from the Babylonian exile and only in early Judaism there is a notion the resurrection of the dead out. Remains undisputed that belief, however. Until the time of Jesus into further keep the Sadducees about the old Israelite firmly belief that man sinking into oblivion after the death of an underworld of shadows, was cut off in the connection to God.
links in the Maccabees, the resurrection faith with the idea of the martyrdom of the righteous (2Makk 7). Who suffers in obedience to the Torah, martyrdom, which it does in the hope of the resurrection by God and the punishment of the wicked. God, the proves, in the violent death of the just as powerless against the powerful of this world proves, finally, his greater power by the resurrection of the righteous and the punishment of offenders.
build on this hope to those in the Jesus movement, the search for the death of the master in the use of their scriptures for answers to the ignominious fate of their idol. The symptoms experienced by them in like, the plausibility of their faith have increased. The reason they were not before.
There are certainly traces, indicating that there was in the beginnings of the Jesus movement after Jesus' death, other explanations of justification after death of Jesus by God. The Gospel of Mark, looks like the dead on the cross has the Exalted by God, as it takes the commitment of the Roman centurion expressed: "Truly this man was the Son of God" (Mk 15, 39). In Luke, the resurrection idea competes similar to that of taking away from the earth like Elijah (Luke 24.50). found in the Gospel saying, the entrance to the St. Matthew and St. Luke's Gospel, the Risen One did not talk. There Jesus is remembered as a wise teacher, even as the incarnate divine wisdom. Apparently, very soon, however, the notion of the resurrection of Jesus must be enforced by God and all other explanations have replaced or integrated. However, it remains despite its central position in the Creed an interpretation that is not understandable by itself. Those who choose Jesus and his life plan, may well reach a different understanding of his destiny and God's role in it. This decision may relieve him of any religious community.
In the Islamic world from the 8th and 9th reception are century natural-philosophical ideas from the Greek, Indian and Iranian space and developed. A prominent role is played by the study of astronomy and astrology, wrote to the stars but not only a decisive influence on growth and decay of the material world, but also to the emergence and disappearance of religions and dynasties. In Europe we gained from the late 12th Jh aware of these teachings. Rasch were not only the natural philosophical ideas accepted, but also the cyclical world view and the associated Konjunktionsastrologie. This doctrine was so popular that even the birth of Martin Luther was brought into context. 
